Excellent summary from the European Union.
National Basic Research Program of China
America’s economy is losing its competitive edge and Washington hasn’t noticed by Benjamin Wallace-Wells
For decades, the United States ranked first in the world in the percentage of its GDP devoted to scientific research; now, we’ve dropped behind Japan, Korea, Israel, Sweden, and Finland. The number of scientific papers published by Americans peaked in 1992 and has fallen 10 percent; a decade ago, the United States led the world in scientific publications, but now it trails Europe. For two centuries, a higher proportion of Americans had gone to university than have citizens of any other country; now several nations in Asia and Europe have caught up.
The Emergence of China as a Leading Nation in Science by Ping Zhoua and Loet Leydesdorff:
China has become the fifth leading nation in terms of its share of the world’s scientific publications. The citation rate of papers with a Chinese address for the corresponding author also exhibits exponential growth.
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